Case 1: Diagnosing difficult deglutition

Early Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnosing the Difficult Nodule

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rising worldwide. Although the best chance for long-term survival is early detection, screening high-risk populations to detect HCC when it is most treatable still has only limited success. Once detected within the cirrhotic liver, many observations still defy correct characterization, due in part to a history of nonstandarized nomenclature and...

Disorders of Deglutition

to recall certain normal processes involved in this function. In the laryngo-pharynx the most important mechanism is the closure of the larynx. This is effected by the apposition and tilting forward of the arytenoids and the apposition of the aryepiglottic folds, while a raising of the larynx brings the arytenoids with their cornicula into contact with the cushion of the epiglottis. The contrac...

Deglutition Syncope: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Deglutition syncope (DS) is a rare, neurally-mediated syncopal syndrome arising from an aberrant vagotonic reflex during swallow-associated esophageal dilation. Its association with gastroesophageal disorders often prompts gastroenterology consultation. An 89-year-old man with recent dysphagia and otalgia was admitted after a syncopal episode occurred while eating. Esophageal imaging and endosc...

Deglutition Syncope: Two Case Reports Attributed to Vagal Hyperactivity

Deglutition syncope is a relatively rare cause of syncope that belongs to the category of neurally mediated reflex syncopal syndromes. The phenomenon is related to vagal reflex in context to deglutition causing atrioventricular block and acute reduction in cardiac output leading to dizziness or syncope. We present case series of two cases of deglutition syncope, of which first was managed medic...

A Difficult Face Case